{"id":11812,"date":"2012-12-05T03:54:03","date_gmt":"2012-12-05T03:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/?p=11812"},"modified":"2025-08-20T11:35:35","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T04:35:35","slug":"thanh-dia-my-son-quang-nam-hoi-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/thanh-dia-my-son-quang-nam-hoi-an\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n Quang Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n:<\/strong> thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Duy Ph\u00fa, huy\u1ec7n Duy Xuy\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng<\/a> kho\u1ea3ng 69 km v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u kho\u1ea3ng 20 km, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i Ch\u0103m Pa, trong m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2 km, bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00fang t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Ch\u0103m pa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Ch\u0103m pa hay ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n, qu\u1ed1c th\u00edch. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 khu du l\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u1ea0n<\/a> thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa t\u01a1i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay so s\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Borobudur (Java, Indonesia<\/a>), Pagan (Myanma<\/a>), Angkor Wat (Campuchia<\/a>) v\u00e0 Ayutthaya (Th\u00e1i Lan<\/a>). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 23 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n C (II) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n C (III) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\"Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n

M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu di t\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u0103mpa t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n, M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Ch\u0103mpa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua, th\u1ea7y tu nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ghi d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua Bhadravarman I (Ph\u1ea1m H\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1t) (tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 381 \u0111\u1ebfn 413), v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd c\u00fang linga v\u00e0 Shiva. M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/a> c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac – th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p \u0111ang ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong huy ho\u00e0ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a – th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng bia k\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m bia. Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khai qu\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c vua Ch\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 70 chi\u1ebfc. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u0103m pa khi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u hay \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Sau khi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm trong l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1885, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t quang, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khu di t\u00edch n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 S\u01a1n th\u00e0nh hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n