{"id":2131,"date":"2011-08-25T07:42:36","date_gmt":"2011-08-25T07:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/?p=2131"},"modified":"2011-08-25T07:45:09","modified_gmt":"2011-08-25T07:45:09","slug":"kham-pha-thanh-da-ong-doc-nhat-vo-nhi-o-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/kham-pha-thanh-da-ong-doc-nhat-vo-nhi-o-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 ong “\u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb” \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e0nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 3 (1822) l\u00e0 t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 – c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ong \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. N\u0103m 1994, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed – ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/strong>
\nTh\u00e0nh n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa th\u1ecb x\u00e3 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai l\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Thu\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Mai Trai, c\u00e1ch trung t\u00e2m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kho\u1ea3ng 42 km. Trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Charles Edouard Hocquard m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y th\u00e1ng 4\/1884 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201c …c\u00e1ch S\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng kho\u1ea3ng 2 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh d\u00e0i 500 m. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh, x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch cao 5m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 20m bao quanh th\u00e0nh l\u0169y, h\u1ebft h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tu\u1ea7n tra, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An Nam g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng voi (t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 voi \u0111i). \u1ede gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 30 m, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2u mai\u201d.<\/em> (Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 -Une Campagne au Tonkin).<\/p>\n

\"Th\u00e0nh<\/a>

Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p><\/div>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Vauban, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 do m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh duy nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 ong, lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u1eeb “g\u1ea1ch” Charles Edouard Hocquard \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

Theo th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5, th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chu vi 326 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng 7 th\u01b0\u1edbc (1.306,8m), t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh cao 1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1 th\u01b0\u1edbc (4,4m). Chu vi h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc bao quanh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 448 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng (1.792m), r\u1ed9ng 6 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng 7 th\u01b0\u1edbc (26,8m), s\u00e2u 1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng (4m).<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 4 c\u1eeda quay ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, Nam, T\u00e2y, \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0: c\u1eeda H\u1eadu, c\u1eeda Ti\u1ec1n, c\u1eeda H\u1eefu, c\u1eeda T\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ed1n c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u g\u1ea1ch b\u1eafc qua h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1eeda Ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1eeda H\u1eadu, c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc qua h\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c n\u1ed1i hai c\u1eeda Ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 H\u1eadu, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc – Nam T\u00e2y Nam. C\u1eeda Ti\u1ec1n nh\u00ecn ra ph\u1ed1 Quang Trung. C\u1eeda H\u1eadu h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ph\u1ed1 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i (n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u1ee6y ban Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ecb x\u00e3 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y), th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. C\u1eeda T\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn ra ch\u1ee3 Ngh\u1ec7 (ph\u1ed1 Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan). C\u1eeda H\u1eefu h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ph\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o (\u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb c\u0169), ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ed1 Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n (H\u1eefu L\u1ee3i c\u0169), ch\u1ea1y th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean l\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e2m (theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 32)…<\/p>\n

Trong th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac: c\u1ed9t c\u1edd (t\u1ee9c v\u1ecdng l\u00e2u) cao 18m, c\u1eeda h\u00e0nh cung, h\u00e0nh cung, hai gi\u1ebfng vu\u00f4ng, ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khu nghi l\u1ec5 (H\u00e0nh Cung, s\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec7n), g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u1eeda Ti\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 5 gian hai tr\u00e1i, t\u00e1m m\u00e1i ch\u1ed3ng di\u00eam, n\u1eb1m kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00fd gi\u00e1<\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng 4 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00ean d\u1eadu che ch\u1edf cho Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n xa ra v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. S\u01a1n T\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong T\u1ee9 tr\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Kinh B\u1eafc, H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u01a1n Nam v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\"Th\u00e0nh<\/a>

Th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y x\u01b0a<\/p><\/div>\n

Khi cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1ch 2km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng c\u00e1i. Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nam l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng T\u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ng\u0103n qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c t\u1eeb xa khi ch\u00fang sang t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. C\u00f2n ph\u00eda Nam v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft c\u1eed v\u1ebf tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c S\u01a1n H\u01b0ng Tuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef y\u00ean c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ee7, 24 huy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi huy\u1ec7n S\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Tuy\u00ean Quang, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u00e2y c\u0169.<\/p>\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 70 – 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a quan l\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0: Ho\u00e0ng K\u1ebf Vi\u00eam, L\u01b0u V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac… trong hai cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1872) v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1883) c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. T\u1edbi n\u0103m 1883, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p…<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua g\u1ea7n 200 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0y nay, th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e0nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 3 (1822) l\u00e0 t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 – c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 ong \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. N\u0103m 1994, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed – ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dau-chan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/saoviettravel.com.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}